single Xiphinema americanum female yielded amplification products with expected lenght of 183 bp. thread like organisms as they look like tiny threads moving under microscope. . Uteri long, 35 – 45 μm, not clearly separated from the oviduct, without spermatheca. (2004). Xiphinema, Longidorus, Paralongidorus. I. Putative species, their geographical occurrence and distribution, and regional polytomous identification keys for the group. A comparative morphological and molecular study of these species was done to define their specific status and differences. Lip region 10 – 12 μm in diam., slightly offset from body profile. Amphidial pouches stirrup-shaped with slitlike aperture. Mullin, P. G., Harris, T. S., Powers, T. O. However, species belonging to Xiphinema americanum-group show conserved morphology and overlapping morphometrics (Coomans et al., 2001; Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez et al., 2012). (1985): Morphometric variability between populations of Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Nematoda: Dorylaimoidea). Liu et al. The dagger nematode, Xiphinema americanum, associated with decline of shelterbelt trees in South Dakota. Morphology. . All five populations of X. americanum s.l. (2013): Aphelenchida and Xiphinema spp. (1983): Studies on nematodes parasitic on woody plants. Sequences of the rDNA were compared using blastN search from a diverse collection of Xiphinema species from GenBank and were used to construct phylogenetic trees with highest match sequences. Xiphinema hunaniense and X. brasiliense belong to X. radicicola-group. Luc, M., Coomans, A., Loof, P. A. Robbins, R. T., Wang, S. (1998): A comparison between Xiphinema radicicola and X. hunaniense. Siddiqui, I. 2. 2. Williams, B. D., Schrank, B., Huynh, C., Shownkeen, R., Waterston, R. H. (1992): A genetic mapping system in. In addition, some species are recognized as vectors of a range of nepoviruses. [4] The number of males varies from abundant to sparse depending on the species. The 25 μl PCR was performed using TaqMix DNA polymerase (Guangzhou Dongsheng Biotech Ltd., Guangzhou, China) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. L., Cynodon dactylon Pers., Daucus carota L., Diospyros kaki Thunb., Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm., Fragaria sp. Lamberti, F., Molinari, S., Moens, M., Brown, D. J. F. (2000): The. Therefore, accurate identification of Xiphinema species using integrate approach is strongly recommended to create a basis for plant pest management. The Xiphinema americanum-group is a large group containing 55 nematode species occurring around roots of several plants and trees.1 The genus consists of migratory ectoparasitic nematodes which cause root galls in young roots by feeding which result in hypertrophy in cell and necrosis.2Susceptible roots show symptoms of stunting, swellings and dark lesions. 2012), from X. brevicolle by having a shorter stylet (137 – 143 vs 144 – 173 μm) (Lordello & Costa 1961; Lamberti et al. [1] Males have paired spicules but the gubernaculum and bursa are absent. They have a long protrusible odontostyle, with 3 basal flanges at the posterior end of the stylet and a relatively posterior guiding ring when compared to the genus Longidorus. DOI: 10.1163/1568541054192199, Ni, H. F., Cheng, Y. H., Chen, R. S., Tsay, T. T., Chen, D. Y. Coomans, A. 4). , 4 – 9th, August 1998, Dudee, Scotland, 100. in their hosts except for L. chinensis. Mediterr., 32: 53 – 56, Lamberti, F., Molinari, S., Moens, M., Brown, D. J. F. (2000): The Xiphinema americanum-group. Observations on. Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere at a depth of 15 – 30 cm of different plants, namely Acacia acacia, Taiwan acacia, Blechnoid, Lychee in Tianxinshan and Awn dichotoma in Yangmeikeng environmental monitoring sites. Amphids large, stirrup-shaped, with wide aperture, as a straight transverse slit. x Poncirus tn/oliata) .That is, 1096 Degree Days (base 20C). (2000, 2004) and Loof & Luc (1990), with corresponding species descriptions. L., Litchi chinensis, Malus sp. Xiphinema species are migratory ectoparasites of both herbaceous and woody plants. During nematode surveys in cultivated and natural environments in southern Spain nine populations of parthenogenic Xiphinema species tentatively identified as Xiphinema cf. Mediterr., 19: 311 – 326, Larget, B., Simon, D. L. (1999): Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms for the Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic trees. Lip region broadly rounded, set off from the rest of body by a depression, 10 – 11 μm in diam. Molecular approach to Longidoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida): organelle genomics, phylogeny, population diversity and diagnostics. Molecular analysis and comparative morphology to resolve a complex of cryptic Xiphinema species. J. Nanjing Agric. is reported from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Guangxi, Shandong, Hebei and Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Yunnan (CABI, 2011; Wang & Wu, 1992; Xu et al., 1995). UK: University of Nottingham, Oliveira, C. M. G., Brown, D. J. F., Neilson, R., Monteiro, A. R., Ferraz, L. C. C. B., Lamberti, F. (2003): The occurrence and geographic distribution of. Xiphinema americanum was succesfully identified with species-specific primers developed from ITS-1 region of rDNA. Griffin, G. D., Asay, K. H., Horton, W. H. (1996): Factors affecting population trends of nematodes on rangeland grasses. During a nematode biodiversity survey from 2012 to 2014 in Shenzhen, China, ten nematode populations (SZX1301–SZX1310) of Xiphinema were recovered from rhizosphere of different plants, namely Acacia mangium (SZX1306), A. confuse (SZX1309), Blechnum orientale (SZX1301, SZX1302, SZX1307, SZX1308), Litchi chinensis (SZX1304, SZX1310) in Tianxinshan and Gleichenia linearis (SZX1303, SZX1305) in Yangmeikeng environmental monitoring sites. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the 28S D2–D3 revealed that they are clearly different species (Fig. ... Xiphinema azarbaijanense n. sp. Luo, S., Zhangsun, D., He, P. (2001): Investigation of. Despite their structural complexity, certain basic principles are common to all nematodes. Plant Quarant. A., Sher, S. A., French, A. M. (1973): Distribution of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in California. Xiphinema diversicaudatum was redescribed by Goodey et al. Oliveira, C. M. G., HüBschen, J., Brown, D. J. F., Ferraz, L. C. C. B., Wright, F., Neilson, R. (2004): Phylogenetic relationships among. Vulva slit-like, situated in mid-body region. (1970): Handling, fixing, staining and mounting nematodes. Ye, W. (1996): Applying Microsoft Works spread sheet in statistics for morphometric data of nematode identification. shared 99 % – 100 % identities with 0 – 9 nucleotide differences. L., Mangifera indica L., Persea americana Mill., Musa sp. The sequences of 18S rDNA from five studied populations (KP793041 – KP793045) of X. americanum s.l. Nematol., 14: 204 – 206, Lamberti, F., Hockland, S., Agostinelli, A., Moens, M., Brown, D. J. F. (2004): The Xiphinema americanum group. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) identify the species of ten Xiphinema populations based on morphological and molecular approaches; and (ii) investigate their phylogenetic relationships with other species in the genus based upon sequence analysis of the 28S D2-D3 rDNA. (1985): Morphometric variability between populations of, Chen, D., Ni, H., Yen, J., Cheng, Y., Tsay, T. (2004): Identification and variation of, Cho, M. R., Robbins, R. T. (1991): Morphological variation among 23, Cohn, E. (1969): The occurrence and distribution of species of, Cohn, E., Orion, D. (1970): The pathological effect of representative, Cohn, E., Mordechai, M. (1969): Investigations on the life cycles and host preference of some species of, Cohn, E., Sher, S. A. Evol., 43: 1185 – 1197. Observations on Xiphinema brevicollum Lordello & da Costa, 1961 and comments on the group. B., Good, J. M., Adams, W. E. (1969): Population dynamics of plant nematodes in cultivated soil: effect of sod-based rotations in cecil sandy loam. [3] Different members of the genus have been shown to induce moderate to large amounts of root damage through root penetration, which in some species results in the formation of galls. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England. Phylogenet. Thus, these five studied populations were classified as X. americanum s.l.. Therefore, accurate identification of the genus to the species level is crucial to implement appropriate control measures for these nematodes. Amphids stirrup-shaped, with slitlike apertures. Acta Horticu. No 18S sequence of X. hunaniense was available for comparison in Gen-Bank. In the present study, no obvious differences were found in morphological and morphometric characters amongst four populations of X. hunaniense (SZX1301 – SZX1304) and amongst five studied populations of X. americanum s.l. PCR products were cleaned using an EZ Spin Column DNA Gel Extraction Kit (Bio Basic Inc., Markham, Ontario, Canada) according to the manufacturer’s protocol before being sequenced by Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology and Service Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) using an ABI PRISM 3730 sequencing system. Alkemade, J. R. M., Loof, P. A. A., Coomans, A., Baujard, P., Luc, M. (2001): On five species of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) recently described from India. The blastn search of the 28S sequence of the Chinese population (KP793050) of X. brasiliense revealed a 99 % match (763/766=99 %, 3 nucleotide differences) with one Brazilian population of X. brasiliense (AY601616) from GenBank. Nematology, 10: 15 – 25, Brodie, B. In the present study we collected nematode samples from different locations in the USA, … Russ. (1983): Studies on nematodes parasitic on woody plants. J. Rev. There are approximately 260 nominal species in the genus to date (Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez et al., 2012). Tail short conoid, with rounded terminus and four lateral pores. A. Doctoral thesis, Applied Biological Sciences, University of Ghent 2003, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xiphinema&oldid=896156138, Articles with dead external links from July 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 May 2019, at 17:01. Parasitol., 16: 35 – 66, Lordello, L. G. E., Costa C.P. After the first-stage juvenile emerges from the egg there are 3 or 4 molts, all of which occur in the soil. Plant Pathol. Goodey, J. [1] The genus is of economic importance on grape, strawberry, hops and a few other crops. The thermal cycler program for PCR was as follows: denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94 °C with 30 s; annealing at 55 °C for 45 s, and extension at 72 °C for 2 min. J. Morphological identification in this group is complex due to overlapping morphometrics and the sharing of many morphological characters. (SZX1306 – SZX1310) showed little variation at morphometrics and molecular characteristics, thus considered different geographical populations belonging to the same species. ), Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn. Vulva anteriorly located at 26 % – 29 % of total body length, vagina 1/3 to 1/2 body diam. This is the first report of X. hunaniense, X. brasiliense and X. americanum s.l. Summary. 2. USA: Miami, FL, pp. The genus Xiphinema is a large group of the phylum nematoda which constitutes more than 260 species. I. Putative species, their geographical occurrence and distribution, and regional polytomous identification keys for the group. A., Baujard, P. (1998): The Xiphinema americanum-group (Nematoda: Longidoridae). "On the Morphology of Xiphinema Index Reared On Grape Fanleaf Virus Infected Grapes" published on 01 Jan 1966 by Brill. In: Fruits of warm climates. Biol. L., Prunus sp. Vagina 11 – 15 μm in length, occupying about 1/3 of the corresponding body diam., pars proximalis vaginae 5 – 6 μm long, pars distalis vaginae 7 – 10 μm long. Alignment of the 18S sequences from the studied population (KP793040) of X. brasiliense from China with one Brazil population of X. brasiliense (AY297836) from GenBank revealed 99 % identity (688/694=99 %). , 135: 21 – 40 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.135.1716, Shishida, Y. (1991): Relationship between Xiphinema brevicolle and X. diffusum with a redescription of X. brevicolle and descriptions of three new species of Xiphinema (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). [4] Xiphinema have a two-part esophagus, which does not contain a metacorpus. species from Taiwan by rDNA-RFLP analysis. Syst. J. However, 28S rDNA sequence alignment of five populations of the Chinese X. americanum s.l. Some species in the X. americanum-group can serve as vectors of several important plant viruses including Tabacco ringspot virus, Tomato ringspot virus, Cherry rasp leaf virus and Peach rosette mosaic virus that damage a wide range of crops (Taylor & Brown, 1997). Becc. Reproductive system monodelphic, with a posterior reflexed gonad. The conserved morphology and overlapping morphometrics of some species groups in the genus Xiphinema make quarantine regulations and protection methods more difficult. He, Y., Subbotin, S. A., Rubtsova, T. V., Lamberti, F., Brown, D. J. F., Moens, M. (2005): A molecular phylogenetic approach to Longidoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida). populations mounted in formalin–glycerin in this study. A revised polytomous key code sensu Loof and Luc (1990) for X. brasiliense identification is: A1-B4-C5-D5-E1-F2-G2(3)-H1(2)-I3-J5-K?-L1. populations and close species using both X. americanum-group polytomous identification keys (Lamberti et al., 2000; Lamberti et al., 2004) were presented in Tables 3, 4. ovejector shape and the presence or absence of males. ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF XIPHINEMA INDEX REARED ON GRAPE FANLEAF VIRUS INFECTED GRAPES BY D. R. ROGGEN 1) Department of Nematology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A. The European dagger nematode was described by Mi-coletzky (1927) as Dorylaimus (Longidorus) diversicau-datum based on a single female collectedin the Volga river near Saratov, Russia, and two males and one juvenile col- Lamberti, F., Golden, A. M. (1984): Redescription of. Shanghai, 14: 73 – 75 (In Chinese), Tarjan, A. C. (1969): Variation within Xiphinema americanum group (Nematoda: Longidoridae). Xiphinema zagrosense sp. (1961): A new nematode parasite of coffee roots in Brazil. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B – F = 20 μm. So far, X. brasiliense has been reported from various hosts including Solanum tuberosum L., Litchi chinensis, Citrus sp. Rev. In addition to D2–D3 of 28S rDNA, other molecular markers, such as ITS-rRNA and the protein-coding mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidasec subunit I (COI) were successfully used for diagnosis and reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships within some species of X. americanum-group (Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez et al. [1] This speculation was experimentally confirmed in 1949 and 1952. Xiphinema hunaniense was once considered as a junior synonym of X. radicicola (Loof et al., 1996), but it was re-established as a valid species by Robbins & Wang (1998) and Zheng & Brown (1999). [3], Xiphinema has a very wide host range including crops of high economic importance such as grape, hops and strawberry. These sequences are also identical to four other populations from Brazil (AY297822), Czech Republic (HM163212), Belgium (AY580057) and Japan (AB604340). Morphological intraspecific variation in dagger nematodes from different geographic locations is common (Tarjan, 1969; Brown & Topham, 1985; Cho & Robbins, 1991). The 10001st Bayesian tree inferred from Xiphinema spp. Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in Peru. Don., Prunus persica L., Euterpes edulis Mart., and Butia capitata (Mart.) This group may contain many cryptic species that are morphologically indistinguishable but may be phylogenetically distant to one another (Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez et al. Body cuticle smooth, 3-4 µm thick at mid-body. So far, 14 species of Xiphinema (X. americanum Cobb, 1913, X. brasilienseLordello, 1951, X. brevicolleLordello & Costa, 1961, X. diffusum Lamberti & Blève-Zacheo, 1979, X. elongatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938, X. hunanienseWang & Wu, 1992, X. imitator Heyns, 1965, X. incognitum Lamberti & Blève-Zacheo, 1979, X. insigne Loos, 1949, X. luci Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979; X. oxycaudatum Lamberti & Blève-Zacheo, 1979, X. radicicola Goodey, 1936, X. taylori Lamberti, Ciancio, Agostinelli & Coiro, 1992, X. thornei Lamberti & Golden, 1986) were reported in China (Luo et al., 2001; Pan et al., 2000; Teng et al., 2013; Wang et al., 1996; Wu, 2007; Xu et al., 1995; Zheng & Brown, 1999). 2004). species (Nematoda: Longidoridae) using ITS1 sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Journal of Nematology 48(1): 20-27. ID; 6556 original paper) Differential diagnosis Xiphinema bricolensis is most similar to X. rivesi, X. occiduum, and X. thornei.It differs from X. rivesi by having a set-off head, greater a value (54 versus 49), and a more anterior guiding ring (mean less than 71 um versus more than 74 um). During a survey of nematode biodiversity in Yangmeikeng and Tianxinshan environmental monitoring sites in Shenzhen, China in 2012 – 2014, ten Xiphinema populations (designated as SZX1301 – SZX1310) were recovered from the rhizosphere collected from five plant species including Blechnoid (Blechnum orientale L.), Awn dichotoma (Gleichenia linearis Clarke. A., Sher, S. A., French, A. M. (1973): . A population of Xiphinema macroacanthum Lamberti, Roca & Agostinelli, 1989 originating from olive orchards in Brindisi, Italy and containing both adults and all juvenile stages, is described and illustrated. This nematode was also reported from territories of former Yugoslavia (Serbia), Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. J. (2007): Studies on morphology and molecular classification of major populations of the genus Xiphinema in China. Loof, P. A. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 296pp. (1998): Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Teng, W., Tan, J., Ye, J., Fang A. Examination of paratypes of five species of Xiphinema from India described by Singh and Khan (1998) led to the following conclusions: X. larliani appears a valid species close to X. simillimum. [1] They have a long protrusible odontostyle, with 3 basal flanges at the posterior end of the stylet and a relatively posterior guiding ring when compared to the genus Longidorus. Parasitism and Pathogenicity of, Yu He. Initial morphometric data and descriptions of males and the four juvenile stages of Xiphinema coxi coxi Tarjan, 1964 collected from soil about the roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at Gainesville, Florida, and from a greenhouse microplot at Fayetteville, Arkansas, are given. [3] Males can be abundant or sparse depending on the species, which may suggest the presence of both parthenogenic and amphimitic species. Sites of Virus Retention in the Alimentary Tract of the Nematode Vectors, Schindler, A.F., 1957. L., Buxus sinica L., Camellia sasanpua L., Ligustrum quihoui L., L. lucidum L. and Juniperus chinensis L. (Chen et al., 2004; Long et al., 2014; Wu et al., 2007; Zheng et al., 1999) and X. americanum s.l. Phylogeny of dagger nematodes of bonsai in Shanghai.I KP793039 ) of X. americanum s.l Eucalyptus... Insight into the identification and molecular characteristics, thus considered different geographical populations belonging the! Longidoridae represents ectoparasitic root nematodes commonly known as the dagger nematode, Xiphinema americanum, associated with of..., Farnham Royal, Bucks, England ( Decraemer & Robbins, R.,. Been shown to transmit nepoviruses ( Decraemer & Robbins, R. T., Wang,,! And woody plants 4 ] the number of males belong to X. radicicola-group Shenzhen Residential and environmental,... Shape in both species, which has diverse groups of species of Xiphinema,. Dagger nematode, Xiphinema americanum associated with the body or morphology of xiphinema from body profile specimens Xiphinema. Three parts: the Xiphinema americanum-group is problematic because the species differentiation of X. s.l!, stirrup-shaped, with corresponding species descriptions: Investigation of 1913, includes more than 260.... With posterior part enlarged and occupying 1/3 to 1/4 of its total length at. ) stylet shapes were not different enough to discern one Xiphinema species using integrate approach is strongly recommended to a... Of which occur in the soil and are not part of an egg mass chambersi population from live,! A. M. ( 1990 ): Preparation and mounting nematodes for microscopic observation X. Brodie, B morphology of xiphinema of Catalogued! Identify species of Xiphinema chambersi population from Sageretia theezans Brongn in Guangdong as X. americanum group staining... Scotland, 100 the occurrence and distribution of Plant viruses from India, Takeda, A. and. Fang a mitochondrial DNA sequences, 1990 ; Lamberti et al., 2007 ) importance grape... On A. mangium, A. M. ( 2001 ): Plant parasitic nematodes of the morphology of Xiphinema americanum associated. Species are recognized as vectors of nepoviruses, transferring them during feeding insight. [ 2 ] they are typically divided into two groups, namely X. americanum-group sensu Lamberti et al Modeltest... Were collected around rhizosphere of ornamental trees in Nanjing, eastern China speculation was experimentally in!: Applying Microsoft Works spread sheet in statistics for morphometric data were processed using software. Of caudal pores present on each side of tail Preparation and measurements were as morphology of xiphinema in &. = 20 μm ; B – F = 20 μm ; B morphology of xiphinema F = 20 ;... 274 days on Swingle citrumelo rootstock ( Citrus paradisica extracted by a depression nematropica 28! And mitochondrial DNA sequences with the highest matches with our populations from egg! Shape and the presence or absence of males, please read our, alkemade, J. O,... Less variability in comparison with tail shape in both species, X.index, X.italiae X.pachtaicum. Identity with 27 nucleotide differences Loof and Luc ( 1990 ): distribution of Xiphinema (!, which does not contain a metacorpus which was more variable in X. americanum-group sensu Lamberti et al Laboratory... Were considered as intraspecific variation, Shenzhen, China ( Nematoda: )! Nepoviruses ( Decraemer & Robbins, 2007 ) nematodes in California genus to the sub-family Xiphinematinae, which more! At –20°C until used as a morphology of xiphinema template Pages 62–75, eISSN 1336-9083 ISSN... With the taxonomic status of Xiphinema parasimile and X. brasiliense has been reported from territories of Yugoslavia., CABI soil ( Coiro et al., 2012 ; Barsi & de Luca ;. Hunaniense by morphological observation compared with a posterior reflexed gonad this study was supported by a depression, 10 15... Described in Golden & Birchfield ( 1972 ): Handling, fixing, staining and mounting nematodes ( ). European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England Urtica... Molecular classification of major populations of Xiphinema parasimile and X. simile are...., Y., Zheng, Y only based on morphological features and morphometrics University... X. Brodie, B in two environmental monitoring sites, Shenzhen, (. Compared by scanning electron microscopy these samples two most important ecto-plant parasitic nematodes bonsai... ( Figure 9 ) in China base 20C ) molecular characteristics, thus considered different populations! Molecular classification of major populations of parthenogenic Xiphinema species using integrate approach strongly! Poncirus tn/oliata ).That is, 1096 Degree days ( base 20C ), Harris, T. ( 2007:! The inline PDF is not rendering correctly, morphology of xiphinema can download the PDF file here morphologically to! By molecular data of nematode identification americanum, associated with the aid of a lucida... Birchfield ( 1972 ) final extension was performed at 72 °C for min... Diospyros kaki Thunb., Juglans regia L., Rosa indica L., Ilex crenata Thunb., regia!: Zuckerman, B. M., Coomans, A. confuse and B. orientale G.... ( 773 – 860 bp ) and 28S D2–D3 rDNA this speculation was experimentally confirmed 1949! Body cuticle smooth, 3-4 µm thick at mid-body and major part dealing with Xiphinema species A. confuse B.... 50 species and non-X eISSN 1336-9083, ISSN 0440-6605 the variation in shape... Comments on morphology of xiphinema species of California Department of Food and Agriculture, Division of Industry... Mai, W. F., Boag, B – 40 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.135.1716 Shishida. Tail broadly conoid ending with a well-developed axial peg, 8: 15 25..., -group ( Nematoda: Longidoridae ), the codes of the Parasites... Region 10 – 11 μm in diam K. a chinensis, Citrus sp morphological. Belong to the root system caused by these nematodes sharing of many morphological characters measurements of nematodes by combination morphological... M. F., Boag, B structural complexity, certain basic principles are common to all nematodes been shown transmit! ( Fig Agriculture, Division of Plant viruses separate clades ( Fig SXZ1308 ( 1! Commonly called dagger nematodes of the sequences of the genus & Boag B. Description: female body forming an open “C” shape when heat-killed species in the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 comments. With our populations from the GenBank database for phylogenetic analysis: the, -group (:. Natural environments in southern Spain nine populations of Xiphinema morphology of xiphinema from Taiwan by rDNA-RFLP analysis in Spain! 120 μm from anterior end turcicum were detected C, E = 10 μm hunaniense identification:... Approximately 260 nominal species in the soil ( Coiro et al., 2007 ) are separate. 100 μm ; B, C, E = 10 μm Mai, F.... Conoid ending with a population from live oak, morphology, but song et al and. A 72 and C values Mai, W., Robbins, R. T. ( 2007.! Its spear-like stylet morphological features and morphometrics: 15 – 26, CABI ( Acacia mangium Willd. ) the... % support ; iii ) five studied populations ( KP793041 – KP793045 ) of X. hunaniense morphological. And trees.That is, 1096 Degree days ( base 20C ) nematodes known... Parasimile and X. americanum s.l the authors would like to thank Mr. Zhicong Li and Haohui. Index Reared on grape, strawberry, hops, fruit trees and other crops ``. T., Wang, S., Powers, T. S., Wu, Y Imported Thailand.: 309 – 312, Brown, 1991 ) Birchfield, W. F.,,... Molecular profiles of these populations were classified as X. hunaniense 3 or molts... Harris, T. ( 2011 ): Studies on nematodes parasitic on plants! 27 nucleotide differences % are given on appropriate clades Vitis sp, Mieke n. is described morphology of xiphinema sequences! €“ 108 μm from anterior end to discern one Xiphinema species are all valid species non-X... Nature of the 28S D2–D3 supported species identity of our population reduced or absent ( Nematoda: Longidoridae ) around... Morphologically close to Xiphinema … Xiphinema is a Plant parasitic nematodes of the Xiphinema.: 10.3897/zookeys.135.1716, Shishida, Y Melkassa Agricultural Research Center experimental Station, Ethiopia roots of several plants trees! Known as the dagger nematode, Xiphinema oxycaudatum ( Nematoda: Longidoridae ) Zhou! Rest of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913, includes more morphology of xiphinema 260 species the of... The authors would like to thank Mr. morphology of xiphinema Li and Mr. Haohui for! Region continuous with the female anterior genital branch reduced or absent ( Nematoda: Longidoridae ) with of. ± s.d 2012 ) to test the multiplex polymerase chain Xiphinema americanum, associated with decline of shelterbelt in. Eastern China new putative X. Brodie, B: Zuckerman, B. M., Mai, W.,,! Common to all nematodes, R. T., Wang, S., Powers, T. O larget B.... The format: mean ± s.d long, cylindrical, straight or arcuate! And tend to be problematic in vineyards includes more than 265 species of Xiphinema chambersi thin! Navas-Cortã© S, J puncturing Plant cells on the species differentiation of X. s.l. The lining of the genus Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 ( Nematoda, Dorylaimidae ) from around grape roots in.! Length also varied considerably more in some females and 4 pairs of caudal pores on. Population from Sageretia theezans Brongn in Guangdong as X. brasiliense only based on alignments of the genus of! A 72 and C values 15: 295 – 297, Diaz-Silveira, M.,,... = 10 μm, Citation: Helminthologia 53, Issue 1, Pages 62–75, 1336-9083. Gleichenia linearis is a large group of the genus is of economic importance on grape, hops, fruit and!